antibes - Nice
Photograph by Valeria Ceruttion Flickr.
Farcis niçois is a dish made from vegetables stuffed with breadcrumbs; and salade niçoise is a tomato salad antibes with green peppers of the Corne variety, baked eggs, tuna or anchovies and olives. Local meat comes from neighbouring valleys, such as the sheep of Sisteron. The most famous dance is the farandole. The cuisine of Nice is close to those of Provence and especially Liguria and uses local ingredients antibes (olive oil, anchovies, fruit and vegetables) but also those from more remote regions, in particular from Northern Europe, because ships which came to pick up olive oil arrived full of food products, such as dried haddock. Nice has a few local dishes.
In the peaceful years which followed the new town was built. It is lined with palm trees and stone pines, instead of being the rectangular roundabout of sorts it had become over the years.
On this square, there also is the Palais Rusca, which also belongs to the justice department (home of the tribunal de grande instance). The square is also notable due to the presence of the city clock. Annual minimum is on average around 1 °C (34 °F). Spring starts mild and rainy in late March, and is increasingly warm and sunny towards June. The natural vegetation of Nice is typical for a Mediterranean landscape, with a heavy representation of broadleaf evergreen shrubs.
Two companies provide the connections: SNCM, a partially public company and Corsica Ferries - Sardinia Ferries, an entirely private company. Nice, being the point of continental France nearest to Corsica, has ferry connections with the island developed with the arrival of NGV (navires à grande vitesse) or high-speed craft.
There is a local tart made with onions and anchovies (or anchovy paste), named Pissaladière . the Ecole Normale Supérieure). Nice is twinned with: Find more about Nice on Wikipedia s sister projects: Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain) · Laon (Aisne) · Moulins (Allier) · Digne-les-Bains (Alpes-de-Haute-Provence) · Gap (Hautes-Alpes) · Nice (Alpes-Maritimes) · Privas (Ardèche) · Charleville-Mézières (Ardennes) · Foix (Ariège) · Troyes (Aube) · Carcassonne (Aude) · Rodez (Aveyron) · Marseille (Bouches-du-Rhône) · Caen (Calvados) · Aurillac (Cantal) · Angoulême (Charente) · La Rochelle (Charente-Maritime) · Bourges (Cher) · Tulle (Corrèze) · Ajaccio (Corse-du-Sud) · Bastia (Haute-Corse) · Dijon (Côte-d Or) · Saint-Brieuc (Côtes-d Armor) · Guéret (Creuse) · Périgueux (Dordogne) · Besançon (Doubs) · Valence (Drôme) · Évreux (Eure) · Chartres (Eure-et-Loir) · Quimper (Finistère) · Nîmes (Gard) · Toulouse (Haute-Garonne) · Auch (Gers) · Bordeaux (Gironde) · Montpellier (Hérault) · Rennes (Ille-et-Vilaine) · Châteauroux (Indre) · Tours (Indre-et-Loire) · Grenoble (Isère) · Lons-le-Saunier (Jura) · Mont-de-Marsan (Landes) · Blois (Loir-et-Cher) · Saint-Étienne (Loire) · Le Puy-en-Velay (Haute-Loire) · Nantes (Loire-Atlantique) · Orléans (Loiret) · Cahors (Lot) · Agen (Lot-et-Garonne) · Mende (Lozère) · Angers (Maine-et-Loire) · Saint-Lô (Manche) · Châlons-en-Champagne (Marne) · Chaumont (Haute-Marne) · Laval (Mayenne) · Nancy (Meurthe-et-Moselle) · Bar-le-Duc (Meuse) · Vannes (Morbihan) · Metz (Moselle) · Nevers (Nièvre) · Lille (Nord) · Beauvais (Oise) · Alençon (Orne) · Arras (Pas-de-Calais) · Clermont-Ferrand (Puy-de-Dôme) · Pau (Pyrénées-Atlantiques) · Tarbes (Hautes-Pyrénées) · Perpignan (Pyrénées-Orientales) · Strasbourg (Bas-Rhin) · Colmar (Haut-Rhin) · Lyon (Rhône) · Vesoul (Haute-Saône) · Mâcon (Saône-et-Loire) · Le Mans (Sarthe) · Chambéry (Savoie) · Annecy (Haute-Savoie) · Paris (Paris) · Rouen (Seine-Maritime) · Melun (Seine-et-Marne) · Versailles (Yvelines) · Niort (Deux-Sèvres) · Amiens (Somme) · Albi (Tarn) · Montauban (Tarn-et-Garonne) · Toulon (Var) · Avignon (Vaucluse) · La Roche-sur-Yon (Vendée) · Poitiers (Vienne) · Limoges (Haute-Vienne) · Épinal (Vosges) · Auxerre (Yonne) · Belfort (Territoire de Belfort) · Évry (Essonne) · Nanterre (Hauts-de-Seine) · Bobigny (Seine-Saint-Denis) · Créteil (Val-de-Marne) · Cergy (Val-d Oise) Cayenne (French Guiana) · Basse-Terre (Guadeloupe) · Fort-de-France (Martinique) · Saint-Denis (Réunion) Aiglun · Amirat · Andon · Antibes · Ascros · Aspremont · Auribeau-sur-Siagne · Auvare · Bairols · Le Bar-sur-Loup · Beaulieu-sur-Mer · Beausoleil · Belvédère · Bendejun · Berre-les-Alpes · Beuil · Bézaudun-les-Alpes · Biot · Blausasc · La Bollène-Vésubie · Bonson · Bouyon · Breil-sur-Roya · Briançonnet · La Brigue · Le Broc · Cabris · Cagnes-sur-Mer · Caille · Cannes · Le Cannet · Cantaron · Cap-d Ail · Carros · Castagniers · Castellar · Castillon · Caussols · Châteauneuf-d Entraunes · Châteauneuf-Grasse · Châteauneuf-Villevieille · Cipières · Clans · Coaraze · La Colle-sur-Loup · Collongues · Colomars · Conségudes · Contes · Courmes · Coursegoules · La Croix-sur-Roudoule · Cuébris · Daluis · Drap · Duranus · Entraunes · L Escarène · Escragnolles · Èze · Falicon · Les Ferres · Fontan · Gars · Gattières · La Gaude · Gilette · Gorbio · Gourdon · Grasse · Gréolières · Guillaumes · Ilonse · Isola · Lantosque · Levens · Lieuche · Lucéram · Malaussène · Mandelieu-la-Napoule · Marie · Le Mas · Massoins · Menton · Mouans-Sartoux · Mougins · Moulinet · Les Mujouls · Nice · Opio · Pégomas · Peille · Peillon · La Penne · Péone · Peymeinade · Pierlas · Pierrefeu · Puget-Rostang · Puget-Théniers · Revest-les-Roches · Rigaud · Rimplas · Roquebillière · Roquebrune-Cap-Martin · Roquefort-les-Pins · Roquesteron · Roquestéron-Grasse · La Roquette-sur-Siagne · La Roquette-sur-Var · Roubion · Roure · Le Rouret · Saint-André-de-la-Roche · Saint-Antonin · Saint-Auban · Saint-Blaise · Saint-Cézaire-sur-Siagne · Saint-Dalmas-le-Selvage · Sainte-Agnès · Saint-Étienne-de-Tinée · Saint-Jean-Cap-Ferrat · Saint-Jeannet · Saint-Laurent-du-Var · Saint-Léger · Saint-Martin-d Entraunes · Saint-Martin-du-Var · Saint-Martin-Vésubie · Saint-Paul · Saint-Sauveur-sur-Tinée · Saint-Vallier-de-Thiey · Sallagriffon · Saorge · Sauze · Séranon · Sigale · Sospel · Spéracèdes · Tende · Théoule-sur-Mer · Thiéry · Le Tignet · Toudon · Touët-de-l Escarène · Touët-sur-Var · La Tour · Tourette-du-Château · Tournefort · Tourrette-Levens · Tourrettes-sur-Loup · La Trinité · La Turbie · Utelle · Valbonne · Valdeblore · Valderoure · Vallauris · Venanson · Vence · Villars-sur-Var · Villefranche-sur-Mer · Villeneuve-d Entraunes · Villeneuve-Loubet .
For years, it was an Italian dominion, then became part of France in 1860. The Promenade was first called the Camin dei Anglès (the English Way) by the Niçois in their native dialect Nissart.
Before the Paillon River was covered over, the Pont-Neuf was the only practicable way between the old town and the modern one. This name comes from the Lympia spring which fed a small lake in a marshy zone where work on the port was started in 1745.
Before Nice was urbanized, the coastline at Nice was just bordered by a deserted stretch of beach covered with large pebbles. It is used for concerts, and particularly during the summer festivals, the Corso carnavalesque (carnival parade) in February, the military procession of July 14 (Bastille Day) or other traditional celebrations and banquets. The Place Masséna is a two-minute walk from the Promenade des Anglais, old town, town centre, and Albert I Garden (Jardin Albert Ier).
By night, the environment changes radically, with tourists and youths flocking to the square, where music reverberates on the walls of the small square. Rainfall is rare in this season, and a typical July month only records one or two days with measurable rainfall.
The city soon became one of the busiest trading ports on the Ligurian coast; but it had an important rival in the Roman town of Cemenelum, which continued to exist as a separate city until the time of the Lombard invasions. With the demolition of the Masséna Casino in 1979, the Place Masséna became more spacious and less dense and is now bordered by red ochre buildings of Italian architecture. The recent rebuilding of the tramline gave the square back to the pedestrians, restoring its status as a real Mediterranean square.
Reprisals intensified between December 1943 and July 1944 when numbers of partisans were tortured and executed by the local Gestapo and the French Milice. The banning of cars creates a more serene setting.
The agglomeration of Nice, defined by INSEE, is home to 888,784 inhabitants (fifth most populous in France) and its urban area totals 933,080 inhabitants, which makes it the sixth largest in France. The city saw a big demographic rise in the second half of the 19th century, a period when the population more than doubled, mainly due to French immigration. There are also plenty of small shops selling clothing, shoes and souvenirs. Other squares include: The Place Masséna is the main square of the city.
The city also has several business parks, including l Arenas, Nice the Plain, Nice Méridia, Saint Isidore, and the Northern Forum. In addition, the city features several shopping centres such as Nicetoile, Nice TNL, Nice Lingostière, Northern Forum, St-Isidore, the Trinity (around the Auchan hypermarket) and Cap3000 in Saint-Laurent-du-Var. Sophia Antipolis is a technology park northwest of Antibes. The second half of the park s name is derived from Antipolis, the ancient Greek name of Antibes. The port of Nice is also known as Lympia port.
It took several names between 1780 and 1870 (Plaça Pairoulièra, Place de la République, Place Napoléon, Place d Armes, Place Saint-Augustin, Piazza Vittorio) and finally Place Garibaldi in September 1870. A statue of Garibaldi, who was fiercely in favour of the union of Nice with Italy. Nowadays, the Place du Palais is alive day and night.
In 729 the city repulsed the Saracens; but in 859 and again in 880 the Saracens pillaged and burned it, and for most of the 10th century remained masters of the surrounding country. During the Middle Ages, Nice participated in the wars and history of Italy. Nice also was heavily bombarded by the American aviation in preparation for the Allied landing in Provence (1000 dead or wounded and more than 5600 people homeless) and famine ensued in the course of the summer of 1944.
On August 26, 1942, 655 Jews of foreign origin were rounded up by the Laval government and interned in the Auvare barracks. Captured by Nicolas Catinat in 1691, Nice was restored to Savoy in 1696; but it was again besieged by the French in 1705, and in the following year its citadel and ramparts were demolished. The treaty of Utrecht in 1713 once more gave the city back to the Duke of Savoy who was on that same occasion recognized as King of Sicily.
It is an archaeological site with treasures, of which only a small part has been excavated. Of them, 560 would be deported to Drancy internment camp on August 31, 1942.
During the course of the 13th and 14th centuries the city fell more than once into the hands of the Counts of Provence; and at length in 1388 the commune placed itself under the protection of the Counts of Savoy. Two men dominated this period: Jean Médecin, mayor for 33 years from 1928 to 1943 and from 1947 to 1965 and his son Jacques, mayor for 24 years from 1966 to 1990.
When a particularly harsh winter up north brought an influx of beggars to Nice, some of the rich Englishmen proposed a useful project for them: the construction of a walkway (chemin de promenade) along the sea. The city of Nice, intrigued by the prospect of a pleasant promenade, greatly increased the scope of the work. The square s lighting at night gives it a magical aspect. Place Rossetti is in the centre of the old town, streets Jesus, Rossetti, Mascoïnat and the Pont-vieux (old bridge) The Cours Saleya is situated parallel to the Quai des Etats-Unis.
and two convention centers dedicated to business tourism. The Cours Saleya also opens on the Palais des Rois Sardes (Palace of the Kings of Sardinia).
By the late 1980’s, rumors of political corruption in the city government surfaced and eventually formal accusations against Jacques Médecin forced him to flee France in 1990. From Nice many sought further shelter in the French colonies, Morocco and North and South America.
It also has a large number of museums and hotels. Investors from France and abroad can benefit from the assistance of the Côte d Azur Economic Development Agency Team Côte d Azur. Among tourists, Nice is the second most popular French city after Paris, a fact which, combined with the difficulties of land travel at long distance (partly because of the Alps), allows it to have the second busiest airport in France in terms of passenger numbers (close to 10,000,000 passengers in 2005). Nice has one conference centre: the Palais des Congrès Acropolis. It was outperformed one year later by the 36-inch (91-cm) refractor at the Lick Observatory. As a scientific institution, the Nice Observatory no longer exists.
Savoy was also transferred to the French crown by similar means. Giuseppe Garibaldi, born in Nice, strongly opposed the cession to France (arguing that it was not done with a universal vote and that the ballot was rigged by the French) and in 1866 there were even popular riots in the city, promoted by Garibaldini in favour of the unification of Nice to Italy. Average annual maximum is about 35 °C (95 °F).
The cession was ratified by over 25,000 electors out of a total of 30,700. Local fish, such as mullets, bream, sea urchins, and anchovies (alevins) are used to a great extent, so much so that it has given birth to a proverb: fish are born in the sea and die in oil . Examples of Niçois specialties include: Nice is home to many preparatory schools which prepare students for entrance to the Grandes Ecoles (e.g.
After July 1940 and the establishment of the Vichy Regime, antisemitic aggressions accelerated the exodus, starting in July 1941 and continuing through 1942. However, it is also the largest city in France that is not a regional capital; the much larger Marseille is its regional capital.
By opening the ports of the county to all nations, and proclaiming full freedom of trade (1626), the commerce of the city was given great stimulus, the noble families taking part in its mercantile enterprises. In 1775 the king, who in 1718 had swapped his sovereignty of Sicily for the Kingdom of Sardinia, destroyed all that remained of the ancient liberties of the commune.
The city is nicknamed Nice la Belle (Nissa la Bella in Niçard), which means Nice the Beautiful. It is the capital of the French Riviera (Côte d Azur) and is the 5th largest city of France. Pestilence appeared again in 1550 and 1580. In 1600, Nice was briefly taken by the duke of Guise.
However, the resistance got momentum after the Italian surrendered in 1943 when the German armies occupied Vichy France. Socca is a type of pancake made from chickpea flour.
It was merged with CERGA in 1988 to form the Observatoire de la Côte d Azur. Nice is one of the oldest human settlements in the world. Large native tree species include evergreens such as holm oak, stone pine and arbutus.
It is still spoken by a substantial minority. Many introduced species grow in parks and gardens.
Around 350 BC, Greeks of Marseille founded a permanent settlement and called it Nikaia, after Nike, the goddess of victory. Throughout the ages the town changed hands many times. The park is named after Sophie Glikman-Toumarkine, the wife of French Senator Pierre Laffitte, founder of the park, and incidentally, Sophia, the goddess of wisdom.
It is particularly appreciated by youths who hangout on the steps leading to the Palais de justice, often with alcoholic bottles in hand. Coordinates: 43°42′12″N 7°15′59″E / 43.703393°N 7.266274°E / 43.703393; 7.266274 Nice Motto: Nicæa civitas. Nice (pronounced /ˈniːs/; French pronunciation: , Italian: Nizza or Nizza Marittima, Greek: Νίκαια, Latin: Nicaea) is a city in southern France on the Mediterranean coast.
After November 1942 and the arrival of Italian troops occupying the city, a certain ambivalence remained among the population, many recent immigrants of Italian ancestry. The city also has a university, several business districts and some major cultural facilities, such as museums, a national theater, an opera house with a regional library and several concert halls and casinos.
In 1932, Louis Chiron won the Nice Grand Prix aboard a Bugatti T51, closely followed just 3.4 seconds behind by Raymond Sommer in an Alfa Romeo Monza with third place going to René Dreyfus, also in a Bugatti T51. This square is also a junction of several important streets: the boulevard Jean-Jaurès, the avenue de la République, the rue Cassini and the rue Catherine-Ségurane. Entirely enclosed and pedestrianised, this square is located in the heart of the old town.
By day, the place is invaded by the terraces of traditional restaurants and the finest ice-cream makers. Located in front of the port, the Place Cassini has been renamed Place of Corsica. The Nice Côte d Azur Airport (French: Aéroport Nice Côte d Azur) (IATA: NCE, ICAO: LFMN) is an airport in Nice, in the Alpes-Maritimes department of France.
The square was built at the end of the 18th century and served as the entry gate to the city and end of the road to Turin. Berlioz, Nietzsche, Rossini etc. Nice also has numerous museums of all kinds: Musée Chagall, Musée Matisse (arenas of Cimiez containing Roman ruins), Musée des Beaux-Arts Jules Chéret, Museum of Naïve arts, Musée Terra-Amata, Museum of Asian Art, Museum of Modern Art and Contemporary Art which devotes much space to the well-known Ecole of Nice ”), Museum of Natural History, Musée Masséna, Naval Museum and Galerie des Ponchettes. Being a vacation resort, Nice hosts many festivals throughout the year, such as the Carnaval de Nice and the Nice Jazz Festival. Nice has a distinct culture due to its unique history.
It is the historical capital city of the County of Nice (Comté de Nice). The first known human settlements in the Nice area date back approximately 400,000 years; Nice (Nicaea) was probably founded around 350 BC by the Greeks of Massilia (Marseille), and was given the name of Νικαία ( Nikaia ) in honour of a victory over the neighbouring Ligurians (Nike is the Greek goddess of victory). It is the third most important airport in France after Charles de Gaulle Airport and Orly Airport, both in Paris.
In keeping with the conventions of the time, when the Negresco first opened in 1913 its front opened on the side opposite the Mediterranean. Another place worth mentioning is the small street parallel to the Promenade des Anglais, leading from Nice s downtown, beginning at Place Masséna, and running parallel to the promenade in the direction of the airport for a short distance of about 4 blocks. He is a member of the Union for a Popular Movement, the party supporting President Nicolas Sarkozy. Nice has a Mediterranean climate: the city enjoys mild temperatures most of the year; rainfall is very moderate and mainly concentrated in the darkest part of the year (September to March). Summers are hot, dry, and sunny.
Much of the park is within the commune of Valbonne. Conquered in 1792 by the armies of the First French Republic, the County of Nice continued to be part of France until 1814; but after that date it reverted to the Kingdom of Sardinia-Piedmont. By a treaty concluded in 1860 between the Sardinian king and Napoleon III, the County was again ceded to France as a territorial reward for French assistance in the Second Italian War of Independence against Austria, which saw Lombardy unified with Piedmont-Sardinia.
The Italian irredentists considered Nice one of their main nationalistic requests and in 1942/3 the city was occupied and administered by Italy during World War II. The 20th century saw the arrival of modern transportation. A controversial official report stated later that de Montgolfier had made unwarranted accusations. The coat of arms Nice appeared for the first time in a copy of the Regulations of Amadeus VIII, probably written in around 1430. The presence of the eagle, an imperial emblem, shows that these arms are related to the power of the House of Savoy.The eagle standing over the three hills is an illustration and a depiction of Savoy, in establishment of its domination over the country around Nice. Located in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d Azur région, Nice is a commune and the préfecture (administrative capital) of the Alpes-Maritimes département.
By the 1930’s additional bus connections added to the transportation network of the entire area. Starting in 1932, Nice hosted international car racing in the Formula Libre (predecessor to Formula One) on the so-called Circuit Nice. Terra-Amata, an archaeological site dating from the Lower Palaeolithic age, is situated near Nice.
It is also a large crossroads between several of the main streets of the city: avenue Jean Médecin, avenue Félix Faure, boulevard Jean Jaurès, avenue de Verdun and rue Gioffredo. The Place Garibaldi also stands out for its architecture and history. The circuit started along the waterfront just south of the Jardin Albert I, then headed westward along the Promenade des Anglais followed by a hairpin turn at the Hotel Negresco to come back eastward and around the Jardin Albert I before heading again east along the beach on the Quai des Etats-Unis.
In 1561 Emmanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy, abolished the use of Latin as an administrative language and established the Italian language as the official language of government affairs in Nice. During the struggle between Francis I and Charles V great damage was caused by the passage of the armies invading Provence; pestilence and famine raged in the city for several years. Strong Italian and (to a lesser extent) Corsican influences make it more intelligible than other extant Provençal dialects. In the past, Nice welcomed many immigrants from Italy (who continue to make up a large proportion of the population), as well as Spanish and Portuguese immigrants.
Days can be either sunny and dry, or damp and rainy. The recent rebuilding of the area to accommodate the new tramway line gave mostly the entire square to pedestrians, The architecture is in line with the Turin model, which was the norm of urban renewal throughout the entire realm of the House of Savoy. It is a crossroads between the Vieux Nice (old town) and the town centre.
Under their leadership, the city experienced extensive urban renewal and new constructions were undertaken (Convention centre, theatres, new thoroughfares and expressways, etc…) The arrival of the Pieds-Noirs, refugees from Algeria after 1962 independence, also gave the city a boost and changed somewhat the make-up of its population and traditional views. The excavated site includes thermal baths, arenas and Roman road. Since the second century AD, the light of the city has attracted many famous painters such as Chagall, Matisse, Niki de Saint Phalle, and Arman and inspired many artists and intellectuals in different countries e.g.
Nice is also known for bouillabaisse and various fish soups; Stockfish (traditionally pronounced as Stoquefiche with special emphasis on the first e ). Nice itself was established by the ancient Greeks.
The architect was Charles Garnier, and Gustave Eiffel designed the main dome. The 76-cm (30-inch) refractor telescope that became operational in 1888 was at that time the world s largest telescope. The local language Niçard (Nissart) is an Occitan dialect (but some Italian scholars argue that it is a Ligurian dialect).
As an ally of Pisa it was the enemy of Genoa, and both the King of France and the Emperor endeavoured to subjugate it; but in spite of this it maintained its municipal liberties. From 1744 till the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle (1748) the French and Spaniards were again in possession.
In the past, it belonged to the upper classes. Traditions are still alive, especially in folk music and dances.
This section of the city is referred to as the Zone Pietonne , or Pedestrian Zone . The current mayor of Nice is Christian Estrosi who was elected in 2008.
At the beginning of the 20th century, this rise intensified with the arrival of internal immigrants from the County of Nice itself. After the First World War, the city had a strong increase in population. There was also an independent Roman city, Cemenelum, near Nice, where the hill of Cimiez is located.
The metropolitan area is also the 5th largest with 991,903 inhabitants (2006). The area of today’s Nice is believed to be among the oldest human settlements in the world. Due to its proximity to the Principality of Monaco, it also serves as that city–state s airport, with helicopter service linking the city and airport. It is run by the Chamber of Commerce and the Nice Côte d Azur industry. The Promenade des Anglais ( Promenade of the English ) is a celebrated promenade along the Baie des Anges, a bay of the Mediterranean, in Nice.
The first houses were located on higher ground well away from the sea. Starting in the second half of the 18th century, many wealthy English people took to spending the winter in Nice, enjoying the panorama along the coast. Finally American paratroopers entered the city on August 30, 1944 and Nice was finally liberated.
Nice has a high proportion of elderly people. Currently, the population of the city is growing again, the reason of which is a preference for the climate. The Observatoire de Nice (Nice Observatory) is located on the summit of Mont Gros. Immigration was again the reason of this growth.
Palms, eucalyptus and citrus fruits are among the trees which give Nice a subtropical appearance. It is no doubt one of the most active spots in Nice. As its name indicates, the place du palais is where the Palais de Justice (Law courts) of Nice is located.
Frost is unusual and snowfalls are so extremely rare that they are remembered by inhabitants as special events. There is also a large selection of cafés where one can sit and enjoy an espresso or choose from a variety of speciality coffees, gelati and desserts, and watch the city walk by.
The first public demonstrations occurred on July 14, 1942 when several hundred protesters took to the streets along the Avenue de la Victoire and Place Masséna. Temperatures seldom go below 20 °C (68 °F), and frequently reach 30 °C (86 °F).
In 1900, the Tramway de Nice electrified its horse drawn streetcars and spread its network to the entire département from Menton to Cagnes-sur-Mer. However, in the past few decades immigration has been opened to include immigrants from all over the world, particularly those from former Northern and Western African colonies, as well as southeast Asia.
After the annexation of Nice by France in 1860 it was rechristened La Promenade des Anglais, replacing the former Nissart name with its French translation. The Hotel Negresco on the Promenade des Anglais was named after Henri Negresco (1868–1920) who had the palatial hotel constructed in 1912. It is named after Giuseppe Garibaldi, hero of the Italian unification (born in Nice in 1807 when Nice was part of the Napoleonic Empire, before reverting back to the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia).
In the present, the court is mostly a place of entertainment. Established between 1970 and 1984, it primarily houses companies in the fields of computing, electronics, pharmacology and biotechnology.
With typical buildings in red and yellow ochres surrounding the square, the cathédrale Sainte-Réparate and the fountain in the centre, place Rossetti is a must-see spot in the old town. Today this is the principal harbour installation of Nice - there is also a small port in the Carras district. The port is the first port cement manufacturer in France, linked to the treatment plants of the rollers of the valley of Paillon. Fishing activities remain but the number of professional fishermen is now less than 10.
Several institutions of higher learning are also located here, along with the European headquarters of W3C. The observatory was initiated in 1879 by the banker Raphaël Bischoffsheim.
The absolute maximum recorded temperature in Nice was 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) on the 1st of August 2006. Autumn generally starts sunny in September and becomes more cloudy and rainy towards October, while temperatures usually remain above 20 °C (68 °F) until November where days start to cool down to around 17 °C (63 °F). Winters are characterized by mild days (11 to 17 °C (52 to 63 °F)), cool nights (4 to 9 °C (39 to 48 °F)) and variable weather. The ruins of Cemenelum are located in Cimiez, which is now a district in Nice. In the 7th century, Nice joined the Genoese League formed by the towns of Liguria.
It manages both the Nice - Côte d Azur Airport and the Cannes - Mandelieu Airport, as well as the Port of Nice. Nice has the second market of national interest in France and the country s first port cement manufacturer. The consequences of the war were heavy, the population decreased by 15% and the economic life totally disrupted. In the second half of the 20th century, Nice enjoyed an economic boom primarily driven by tourism and construction.
It is on the Promenade des Anglais, near l Arénas and has two terminals. Culturally and architecturally enriched over time, today Nice has become a truly cosmopolitan tourist destination.
Here tourists can find a fine selection of restaurants, specializing in both Niçoise cuisine and various types of foreign cuisine. In 1934, the race was again won by an Italian in an Alfa Romeo Tipo B, none other than the best driver of the season, Achille Varzi.
One of the archaeological sites, Terra Amata, displays evidence of a very early usage of fire. stands in the centre of the square.
But there are also species familiar to temperate areas around the world; examples include horse chestnut, linden and even Norway spruce. Nice is the seat of the Chambre de commerce et d industrie Nice Côte d Azur. Later arrested in Uruguay in 1993, he was extradited back to France in 1994, convicted of several counts of corruption and associated crimes and sentenced to imprisonment. On October 16, 1979, a tsunami, caused by an undersea landslide hit the western coast of Nice and 23 people died. In February 2001, European leaders met at Nice to negotiate and sign what is now the Treaty of Nice amending the institutions of the European Union. In 2003, local Chief Prosecutor Éric de Montgolfier alleged that some judicial cases involving local personalities had been suspiciously derailed by the local judiciary, which he suspected having unhealthy contacts through Masonic lodges with the very people prosecuted or judged.
It probably is the most traditional square of the town, with its daily flower market. Its strategic location and port significantly contributed to its maritime strength.
There are good restaurants serving typical Nicois cuisine, markets and many pubs. In 1933, the race was won byTazio Nuvolari in a Maserati 8C, followed by René Dreyfus in his Bugatti and Guy Moll in an Alfa Romeo Monza.
The square was thus divided into two parts (North and South) in 1824. It was in the nearby town of Villeneuve-Loubet that the two monarchs in 1538 concluded, through the mediation of Pope Paul III, a truce of ten years. In 1543, Nice was attacked by the united Franco-Ottoman forces of Francis I and Barbarossa Hayreddin Pasha, in the Siege of Nice; and, though the inhabitants repulsed the assault which succeeded the terrible bombardment, they were ultimately compelled to surrender, and Barbarossa was allowed to pillage the city and to carry off 2,500 captives.
Nice participated - directly or indirectly - in the history of Savoy up until 1860. The maritime strength of Nice now rapidly increased until it was able to cope with the Barbary pirates; the fortifications were largely extended and the roads to the city improved. The hotel industry and that of the construction industry, in full strength in the 1920s, attracted the world more and more and thus made it possible for Nice to become a town of national importance.
Place Garibaldi is close to the eastern districts of Nice, Port Lympia (Lympia Harbor), and the TNL commercial centre. The place is not a large open-air bar, though, concerts, animations and events are frequent. It is situated halfway between cour Saleya and place Masséna. According to the estimates of INSEE, the population of Nice was 347,900 inhabitants on January 1, 2005.
The last season to feature a Grand Prix at Nice was in 1935, when the Alfa Romeo Tipo Bs dominated the circuit in the hands of Tazio Nuvolari and Louis Chiron, who placed second, and René Dreyfus, who took third. As war broke out in September 1939, Nice became a city of refuge for many displaced foreigners, notably Jews fleeing the Nazi progression into Eastern Europe. Nice is thus the fifth largest city in France, behind Paris, Marseilles, Lyon and Toulouse.
Since its construction, the Place Masséna has always been the spot for great public events. Trees tend to be scattered but form dense forests in some areas.
